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The moralistic fallacy is the informal fallacy of assuming that whichever aspect of nature which has socially unpleasant consequences cannot exist. Its typical form is "if ''X'' were true, then it would happen that ''Z''!", where ''Z'' is a morally, socially or politically undesirable thing. What should be moral is assumed ''a priori'' to also be naturally occurring. The moralistic fallacy is used to be presented as the reverse of the naturalistic fallacy. However, it could be seen as a variation of the very same naturalistic fallacy; the difference between them could be considered pragmatical, depending on the intentions of that who uses it: naturalistic fallacy if he wants to justify existing social practices with the argument that they are natural; moralistic fallacy if he wants to combat existing social practices with the argument of denying that they are natural. ==Examples== Steven Pinker writes that "The naturalistic fallacy is the idea that what is found in nature is good. It was the basis for Social Darwinism, the belief that helping the poor and sick would get in the way of evolution, which depends on the survival of the fittest. Today, biologists denounce the Naturalistic Fallacy because they want to describe the natural world honestly, without people deriving morals about how we ought to behave — as in: If birds and beasts engage in adultery, infanticide, cannibalism, it must be OK." Pinker goes on to explain that, "The moralistic fallacy is that what is good is found in nature. It lies behind the bad science in nature-documentary voiceovers: lions are mercy-killers of the weak and sick, mice feel no pain when cats eat them, dung beetles recycle dung to benefit the ecosystem and so on. It also lies behind the romantic belief that humans cannot harbor desires to kill, rape, lie, or steal because that would be too depressing or reactionary."〔Q&A: Steven Pinker of 'Blank Slate', United Press International, 10/30/2002, http://pinker.wjh.harvard.edu/books/tbs/media_articles/2002_10_30_upi.html〕 Moralistic fallacy: *''Warfare is destructive and tragic, and so it is not of human nature.'' *''Eating meat harms animals and the environment, and so no one has physiological use for it.'' *''Men and women ought to be given equal opportunities, and so women and men can do everything equally well.'' *''Unfaithfulness is immoral, and so it is unnatural to feel desire for others when in a monogamous relationship.'' *''The pill I am taking should have therapeutic effects on me, and so it does have therapeutic effects on me.'' (An instance of the placebo effect.) Naturalistic fallacy: *''Warfare must be allowed because human violence is instinctive.'' *''Veganism is folly because humans have eaten meat for thousands of years.'' *''Men and women cannot have the same roles in society because men have more muscle mass and women can give birth.'' *''Adultery is acceptable because people can naturally want more sexual partners.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moralistic fallacy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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